A 560–440 ka tephra record from the Mercure Basin,southern Italy: volcanological and tephrostratigraphic implications          下载免费PDF全文

BIAGIO GIACCIO  PAOLO GALLI  EDOARDO PERONACE  ILENIA ARIENZO  SEBASTIEN NOMADE  GIAN PAOLO CAVINATO  MARCO MANCINI  PAOLO MESSINA  GIANLUCA SOTTILI 《第四纪科学杂志》2014,29(3):232-248

  相似文献   

Modelling the internal stress field in argillaceous rocks under humidification/desiccation     

L.L. Wang  A. Pouya  M. Bornert  B. Halphen 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2014,38(16):1664-1682

This paper deals with analytical and numerical modelling of the internal stress generated in argillaceous rocks during humidification/desiccation processes, which is an essential issue for damage study. This local stress field arises from two mechanisms: (i) complex interactions between free swelling/shrinking clay matrix and non‐strained inclusions of carbonate and quartz and (ii) a self‐restraint effect induced by the moisture gradient during the transient moisture exchange process. The inclusion–matrix interaction is investigated in different cases. Firstly, the analytical solution of the stress around a cylindrical inclusion embedded in an infinite swelling matrix is derived: The inclusion would suffer tension (compression) under humidification (desiccation), and the resulting cracking patterns are discussed. Then, the problem of two inclusions with different distances in an infinite swelling matrix is considered, and it is shown that the local stress around an inclusion will be perturbed and amplified by neighbouring inclusions. Finally, an inclusion outcropping at the free surface of a swelling matrix is modelled as to investigate the effect of free surface: The inclusion–matrix interface undergoes shear stresses of which the maximum is found at the free surface. In addition to the inclusion–matrix interaction, the self‐restraint effect is investigated: The induced stress is maximal at the beginning of humidification/desiccation processes and vanishes gradually with time. The quantity of the self‐restraint stress is strongly controlled by the hydric loading rate. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

1901—2018年三江源地区大气冻融指数变化特征     

陈方方  罗栋梁  刘磊  金会军  李超 《冰川冻土》2021,43(2):417-426

三江源地区是我国重要生态安全屏障,冻土是其高寒生态系统的重要组成部分,冻土的变化深刻影响高寒生态系统固碳及水源涵养。基于英国东英吉利大学（University of East Anglia,UEA）气候研究中心（Climatic Research Unit,CRU）月平均气温再分析资料,利用线性倾向法和滑动平均法并结合GIS空间分析和制图,计算并分析了三江源地区1901—2018年冻融指数变化趋势及其空间分布特征。结果表明：三江源地区冻结指数在1901—2018年整体以-1.1 ℃·d·a^-1的斜率呈波动减少趋势,经历了三个波动变化阶段：1901—1943年的下降（-3.4 ℃·d·a^-1）、1943—1966年的升高（8.8 ℃·d·a^-1）、1966—2018年的再次下降（-4.3 ℃·d·a^-1）。融化指数与冻结指数的变化相反,整体以0.34 ℃·d·a^-1的斜率呈波动上升趋势,呈现升高（1901—1943年,3.3 ℃·d·a^-1）、下降（1943—1981年,-3.1 ℃·d·a^-1）、再次升高（1981—2018年,2.9 ℃·d·a^-1）的趋势。在空间分布上,自西向东随海拔和多年冻土连续性降低,冻结指数由3 400 ℃·d递减到600 ℃·d,融化指数由接近0 ℃·d增加到1 800 ℃·d。长江源区冻结指数最大,融化指数最小;黄河源区冻结指数最小,融化指数最大。研究成果可为三江源地区冻土变化及其对高寒生态环境的影响研究提供科学借鉴。  相似文献   

扬子西缘东川落雪地区元古宙地层中3890 Ma锆石的发现   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘军平  熊波  李静  王小虎  胡绍斌  俞赛赢  张虎  杨爱平  吴清华 《地质学报》2021,95(5):1606-1613

利用LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测定技术,在扬子西缘滇中东川地区古元古界阿不都组流纹质玻屑熔结凝灰岩中发现了1颗冥古宙锆石,锆石具有明显的核-幔-边结构,其核部的207 Pb/206 Pb年龄为3890±47 Ma,此年龄被解释为岩浆结晶,Th/U比值为0.34;变质边的207 Pb/206 Pb年龄为3561±45～3616±55 Ma,Th/U比值为0.07～0.19.锆石的原位Hf同位素测定给出了176 Hf/177 Hf=0.280317～0.280451,εHf(t)=-4.6～0.6(平均值为-2.5),TDM1=3861～3980 Ma,TDM2=4036～4106 Ma(平均值为4059 Ma).这颗锆石为扬子陆块目前发现的最老锆石,其Hf同位素及微量元素特征说明扬子陆块存在4.0 Ga的地壳增生作用及古老陆壳的再循环;结合前人同位素研究资料,说明扬子西缘东川落雪地区元古宙时同华北陆块可能具有亲缘性;本次的发现,为扬子陆块寻找冥古宙和始太古代物质实体提供重要依据,也为认识地球早期大陆演化过程提供了重要新信息.  相似文献   

基于深反射地震剖面的沂沭断裂带岩石圈精细结构     

张尚坤  罗文强  于学峰  田京祥  唐璐璐  陈军  杨斌  杜圣贤  刘凤臣  仵康林 《地质学报》2021,95(11):3192-3204

为揭示沂沭断裂带深部结构及发生—发展过程,查清断裂切割深度及对岩石圈地幔的破坏,探讨沂沭断裂带的构造组合样式、运动方式、地壳稳定性及其对资源环境的约束作用,研究团队于2019年在沂沭断裂带南段沂南—莒县附近布设了一条长约60 km的深反射地震剖面,系统采集了沂沭断裂带和两侧地块的地震数据,对沂沭断裂带深部岩石圈精细结构进行了解剖.结果显示,该区岩石圈结构在横向上表现为以沂沭断裂带为界的块状结构特征,地壳厚度约30.8～39.5 km;莫霍面总体呈西浅东深态势,并被西倾的沂水—汤头断裂(F2)和昌邑—大店断裂(F4)错断,垂直落差达10.5 km.与浅部"两堑夹一垒"的构造组合样式不同的是,沂沭断裂带在深部剖面上表现为由沂水—汤头断裂(F2)和昌邑—大店断裂(F4)向上延伸与分叉散开的多条断裂组成"双枝状"构造组合样式.断裂带内被断层切割的界面反射波多呈向上的拱弧形,其构造形迹具有伸展、挤压和走滑并存的特征,推断这些界面为层间滑脱构造,它们指示了沂沭断裂带"多层滑移"构造运动方式.该断裂带不仅切穿了近地表、壳内地质界面,F2、F4断裂还向下切割莫霍面,深入岩石圈地幔,是深达地幔的深大断裂构造带,为地幔热物质的上涌提供了通道,对中生代的岩浆活动和内生成矿具有控制作用.地震剖面西端的铜井金矿成矿与沿F2断裂上侵的铜井杂岩体关系密切;剖面东端的火山机构保存完整,没有明显构造破坏痕迹,据此认为沂沭断裂带左行走滑主要发生在早白垩世青山期以前,其后水平滑移量应不大.从区域地质分布及地震反演结果看,昌邑—大店断裂(F4)明显将山东省分割为鲁西和鲁东两个地质构造单元,因此将其作为区域地质构造分界线是合理的.本项研究结果进一步加深了沂沭断裂带深、浅部结构的认识,为分析研究沂沭断裂带的深部过程和浅部构造响应及对资源环境的影响提供了资料约束.  相似文献   

Chronology of the Mediterranean sea-level highstand during the Last Interglacial: a critical review of the U/Th-dated deposits     

Francesca Pasquetti  Monica Bini  Biagio Giaccio  Andrea Ratti  Matteo Vacchi  Giovanni Zanchetta 《第四纪科学杂志》2021,36(7):1174-1189

Relative sea-level (RSL) evolution during Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 5 in the Mediterranean basin is still not fully understood despite a plethora of morphological, stratigraphic and geochronological studies carried out on highstand deposits of this area. In this review we assembled a database of 323 U/Th-dated samples (e.g. corals, molluscs, speleothems) which were used to chronologically constrain RSL evolution within MIS 5. The application of strict geochemical criteria to the U/Th samples indicates that only ~33% of data available for the Mediterranean Sea can be considered ‘reliable’. Most of these data (~65%) refer to the MIS 5e highstand, while only ~17% could be related to the MIS 5a. No attribution to MIS 5c can be unequivocally supported. Nevertheless, the resulting framework does not allow us to define a satisfactory RSL trend during the MIS 5e highstand and subsequent MIS 5 substages. Overall, the proposed selection of reliable/unreliable data would be useful for detecting areas where MIS 5 substage attributions are not supported by confident U/Th chronological data and thus the related reconstructions need to be revised. In this regard, the resulting framework calls for a reappraisal and re-examination of the Mediterranean records with advanced geochronological methodologies.  相似文献   

探地雷达宽角反射图形拟合方法     

蔡连初  缪念有 《物探与化探》2021,(1):239-244

探地雷达共中心点(CMP)法仅用于局部速度测试,为使用宽角反射法进行剖面探测,可固定一个雷达天线而将另一个天线沿测线移动,从而获取整个地质界面的反射信号。本文提出宽角反射剖面探测方法,基于平直岩层界面导出其反射信号的关系式,并开发出解释软件,可精确计算岩层几何参数和层速度,从而进行地质分层。  相似文献   

Seismic Recognition and Origin of Miocene Meishan Formation Contourite Deposits in the Southern Qiongdongnan Basin,Northern South China Sea     

FENG Yangwei  REN Yan  LYU Chengfu  ZHANG Peng  CHEN Ying  JIN Li 《《地质学报》英文版》2021,95(1):131-141

  相似文献   

Geology and Mineral Chemistry of Uranium- and Thorium-bearing Minerals in Rare-Metal (NYF) Pegmatites of Um Solimate,South Eastern Desert,Egypt     

Mohamed A. ALI  Ahmed E. ABDEL GAWAD  Mohamed M. GHONEIM 《《地质学报》英文版》2021,95(5):1568-1582

The garnet muscovite granitic pegmatite of Um Solimate, in southern Egypt, represents a promising asset for strategic and economic metals, especially Bi–Ni–Ag–Nb–Ta as well as U and Th. The ore bodies occur as large masses, pockets and/or veins of very coarse-grained pegmatites, which consist mainly of K-feldspar, quartz and albite with subordinate muscovite, garnet, and biotite. Radiometric data revealed that eU- and eTh-contents of the pegmatites reach up to 39 ppm and 82 ppm, respectively. The studied pegmatites are enriched in primary U and Th minerals (uraninite, coffinite, thorianite and uranothorite) as well as Hf-rich zircon and monazite, which give rise to anomalous radioactive zones. Niobium-tantalium-bearing minerals (i.e. ferrocolumbite, microlite and uranopyrochlore), xenotime, barite, galena, fluorite, and apatite are ubiquitous, and, consequently, the studied pegmatites belong tothe Niobium–Yttrium–Fluorine-type (NYF) family. The noble metal mineralization includes argentite (Ag2S), native Ni and Bi as well as bismite and bismoclite. In addition, beryl and tourmaline are observed in pegmatites near the contact with metasediments and ultramafic bodies. The observed compositional variations of Ta/(Ta+Nb) and Mn/(Mn+Fe) ratios in columbite (0.08–0.45 and 0.11–0.57, respectively) and Hf contents in zircon (3.54–6.46 wt%) may reflectan extreme degree of magmatic fractionation leading to formation of the pegmatite orebody.  相似文献   

基于多源遥感影像的长春市城市建成区提取     

王博帅  蒲东川  李婷婷  牛雪峰 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2021,51(4):1284-1294

夜光遥感影像记录的城市灯光与人类活动密切相关,已广泛应用于城市信息提取。珞珈一号作为新一代夜光遥感数据源,比以往的夜光数据具有更高的空间分辨率和光谱分辨率,可以更清晰地表达城市建成区范围和内部结构。本文利用珞珈一号夜光遥感影像,通过人类居住指数（human settlement index, HSI）、植被覆盖和建筑共同校正的城市夜光指数（vegetation and build adjusted nighttime light urban index, VBANUI）及支持向量机（support vector machine, SVM）监督分类3种方法对长春市城市建成区进行提取,并与利用NPP/VIIRS（suomi national polar-orbiting partnership/visible infrared imaging radiometer suite）夜光遥感影像、采用同样方法得到的结果对比。结果显示：本文提出的VBANUI提高了传统植被覆盖校正的城市夜光指数（vegetation adjusted nighttime light urban index, VANUI）的提取精度,使用珞珈一号夜光遥感影像通过VBANUI提取的城市建成区结果最优,其Kappa系数为0.80,总体分类精度为90.74%;使用珞珈一号和NPP/VIIRS夜光遥感影像通过HSI按最佳阈值提取城市建成区的Kappa系数分别为0.75和0.72,总体分类精度分别为88.27%和86.54%;复合数据的SVM监督分类法中Landsat-NDBI、Landsat-NDBI-VIIRS、Landsat-NDBI-LJ和Landsat-NDBI-LJlog的Kappa系数分别为0.602、0.627、0.643和0.681,总体分类精度分别为81.11%、81.52%、82.25%和84.48%。研究结果表明：3种提取方法下,均为使用珞珈一号夜光遥感影像的结果优于使用NPP/VIIRS夜光遥感影像的结果,证明相比于NPP/VIIRS夜光遥感影像,珞珈一号夜光遥感影像更适用于城市尺度的建成区范围提取。  相似文献